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旨在提升苏梅猪配套系中梅山猪高产专门化品系(M系)的产仔数并对配合力测定工作的部分研究进展进行报告，为苏梅猪配套系培育提供基础。本试验采用rs332069453突变位点结合母系指数选育方法，对M系1～3世代群体进行持续选育，跟踪统计初产总产仔数(TNB);进一步在2个试验场(场一、场二)开展配合力测定工作，2个试验场采用不同饲喂方式，以M系3世代母猪为母本，分别与皮特兰和大白公猪杂交，产生杂交后代皮梅猪(PM)和大梅猪(LWM)并进行体重与体尺测定，比较不同杂交组合的生长性能及不同饲喂方式下的表现差异。结果：经3个世代选育，M系猪后备猪候选群体rs332069453位点优势等位基因C频率从1世代的0.37升至3世代的0.68,3世代梅山猪后备群体平均总产仔数为13.7头，相较于1世代梅山猪后备群体平均总产仔数12.0头，提升了1.7头；通过配合力测定工作发现，场一6月龄测定中，LWM体长极显著大于PM(P<0.01),PM管围显著大于LWM(P<0.05);场二6月龄测定中，PM体重和管围均显著高于LWM(P<0.05),其余体尺性状无显著差异，但相较于梅山猪的体重与体尺性状差异显著。综上，基于分子标记的选育可有效提高梅山猪繁殖性能，杂交对梅山猪的体型劣势很大程度上进行了弥补。结合体型性状和当前优质肉市场对黑毛色的偏爱，选择体型好、毛色黑、肢蹄强的PM作为苏梅猪配套系的优质二元母本，相关试验结果为配套系选育奠定了扎实的基础。
Abstract：This study aimed to enhance the litter size of the high-yield specialized Meishan line(M line) within the Sumei pig synthetic lines and to report on the progress of ability-combining tests, thereby providing a foundation for the development of this system. The M line populations from generations 1 to 3 were continuously selected using a breeding method which integrated the rs332069453 mutation site with a maternal line index, and the total number born(TNB) in the first parity was tracked. Furthermore, ability-combining tests were conducted at two experimental farms(Farm 1 and Farm 2) employing different feeding regimens. Then, the generation 3 M line sows were used as the maternal parents; they were crossed with Pietrain and Large White boars, respectively, to produce hybrid offspring: Pietrain × Meishan(PM) and Large White × Meishan(LWM). Finally, weight and body size measurements were taken on these offspring to compare growth performance across different crossbreeds and their responses to the different feeding regimens. The results showed that, after three generations of selection, the frequency of the advantageous allele C at the rs332069453 locus in the M line candidate gilt population increased from 0.37 in generation 1 to 0. 68 in generation 3. The average TNB of the generation 3 candidate population was 13. 7 piglets,which was an increase of1. 7 piglets,compared with the average of 12. 0 piglets in the generation 1 population. The ability-combining tests revealed that,at Farm 1( 6-month measurement),the body length of LWM was significantly greater than that of PM( P<0. 01); while the cannon bone circumference of PM was significantly greater than that of LWM( P<0. 05). At Farm 2( 6-month measurement),both the body weight and cannon bone circumference of PM were significantly greater than those of LWM( P<0. 05 and P<0. 01,respectively). No significant differences were observed in the remaining body measurement traits between the crossbred groups at each location. However,both hybrid combinations showed significant improvements in these traits,compared with purebred Meishan pigs. In conclusion,marker-assisted selection effectively improved the reproductive performance of Meishan pigs,and crossbreeding largely compensated for their body size limitations. Considering the body conformation traits and the current market preference for black coat color in premium meat products,the PM cross,which exhibits good conformation,black coat color,and strong limbs and feet,was selected as the superior binary maternal parent for the Sumei pig synthetic lines.These experimental results established a solid foundation for the breeding of the synthetic lines.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:S828
引用信息:
[1]王淞灏,刘卓,刘晨曦,等.梅山猪高产专门化品系选育与皮梅、大梅配合力测定对比分析[J].畜牧与兽医,2025,57(12):9-16.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1301105); 江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目(PZCZ201732)