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旨在分析胎次、产犊类型、犊牛初生重、妊娠期、产犊季节和产犊年份等因素对荷斯坦牛产犊难易的影响。收集华东某奶牛场2014—2024年荷斯坦牛的产犊数据共30 545条，用卡方检验对影响奶牛产犊难易的因素进行分析。结果:胎次、产犊类型、犊牛初生重、妊娠期、产犊季节、产犊年份对产犊难易评分均有极显著的影响(P<0.01); 2胎牛自然分娩所占比例最高(83.80%)，产双胎母牛难产程度大于单胎母牛，犊牛初生重在>30～40 kg时自然分娩所占比例最高(84.06%)，母牛妊娠期在276～280 d时自然分娩所占比例最高(83.87%)，春季和夏季产犊难产程度所占比例最大，随着产犊年份增加难产程度有所上升。本研究结果对牛场提高荷斯坦牛繁殖性能、降低难产率提供了参考。
Abstract：The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of parity,calving type,calf birth weight,gestation,calving season and other factors on the calving ease( CE) in Holstein cows. A total of 30 545 calving cases of Holstein cows from 2014 to 2024 were collected from a cattle farm in eastern China,and the factors affecting calving ease in Holstein cows were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed the parity,calving type,calf birth weight,gestation,calving season,calving year had highly significant effects( P<0. 01) on calving ease in Holstein cows. The highest proportion( 83. 80%) of natural delivery( 1 point) is in two fetuses of cattle,and the degree of difficult child-birth in twin cows is greater than that in singleton cows. The proportion( 84. 06%) of natural delivery( 1 point) is the highest when calf birth weight is >30-40 kg. The highest proportion( 83. 87%) of cows giving birth naturally( 1 point) is between 276-280 days of gestation. The proportion of difficult calving in spring and summer is the highest; and,as the number of calving years increases,the degree of difficult labor also increases. These results may serve as reference for improving the reproductive performance of Holstein cows and reducing difficult delivery rates on cattle farms.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:S823
引用信息:
[1]李洪亮,徐红红,翟烨,等.影响荷斯坦牛产犊难易的因素分析[J].畜牧与兽医,2026,58(01):8-13.
基金信息:
国家农业重大科技项目(NK20221201); 农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD0406805); 研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX24-3804)